Topic 16 of 21 · 6 modules planned

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and humans, sex hormones and sexually transmitted infections.

Modules

Module 1 · syllabus 16.1, 16.2
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Why don’t all living things just copy themselves?
This module is planned. It will have readings, an experiment, practice with self-checks and a final check.

Syllabus statements for this topic · for teachers · 38 statements

Core for every pupil · Supplement also for Extended entry. Paraphrased from the Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 syllabus (2026–2028); check the official syllabus for exact wording.

16.1 Asexual reproduction

16.1.1Asexual reproduction: identical offspring, one parentC
16.1.2Identify examples of asexual reproductionC
16.1.3Pros and cons of asexual reproductionS

16.2 Sexual reproduction

16.2.1Sexual reproduction: gametes fuse, varied offspringC
16.2.2Fertilisation as fusion of gamete nucleiC
16.2.3Haploid gametes, diploid zygoteS
16.2.4Pros and cons of sexual reproductionS

16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants

16.3.1Identify and draw insect-pollinated flower partsC
16.3.2Functions of the flower partsC
16.3.3Anthers and stigmas of wind-pollinated flowersC
16.3.4Insect- versus wind-pollinated pollen grainsC
16.3.5Pollination: anther to stigmaC
16.3.6Fertilisation: pollen nucleus fuses with ovule nucleusC
16.3.7Adaptations of insect- and wind-pollinated flowersC
16.3.8Investigate conditions for seed germinationC
16.3.9Self-pollinationS
16.3.10Cross-pollinationS
16.3.11Effects of self- and cross-pollination on populationsS
16.3.12Pollen tube growth and fertilisationS

16.4 Sexual reproduction in humans

16.4.1Male reproductive system: parts and functionsC
16.4.2Female reproductive system: parts and functionsC
16.4.3Fertilisation of an egg cell by a spermC
16.4.4Adaptive features of spermC
16.4.5Adaptive features of egg cellsC
16.4.6Compare male and female gametesC
16.4.7Zygote to embryo implanting in the uterusC
16.4.8Umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic sac and fluidC
16.4.9Placenta exchange between mother and fetusS
16.4.10Pathogens and toxins crossing the placentaS

16.5 Sex hormones in humans

16.5.1Testosterone, oestrogen and puberty changesC
16.5.2Menstrual cycle: ovaries and uterus liningC
16.5.3Where oestrogen and progesterone are madeS
16.5.4FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone in cycle and pregnancyS

16.6 Sexually transmitted infections

16.6.1Sexually transmitted infection definedC
16.6.2HIV as a cause of an STIC
16.6.3HIV infection may lead to AIDSC
16.6.4How HIV is transmittedC
16.6.5Controlling the spread of STIsC