Pupil sheet · Kingdoms and animal groups
Supplement: five kingdoms, plant groups and viruses — questions
Name ______________________ Date ____________
Try every question before you use a nudge. Write in full sentences where you are asked to explain.
1. identify
Match each kingdom to the features that place an organism in it.
Write the number of the matching option.
- Many cells with no cell walls and no chloroplasts; feed on other living things
- Many cells with cell walls and chloroplasts; make their own food by photosynthesis
- Cell walls but no chloroplasts; digest dead or living matter outside the body; most are thread-like hyphae
- Cells with a nucleus; most are a single cell; some are like animals, some like plants
- Single cells with no nucleus: a loop of DNA in the cytoplasm, and a cell wall
- Animals: ______
- Plants: ______
- Fungi: ______
- Protoctists: ______
- Prokaryotes: ______
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Only one kingdom has no nucleus in its cells. Only one is made of thread-like hyphae.
2. identify
A ring of mushrooms grows on a lawn. Under the microscope, a mushroom is made of thin branching threads with cell walls, but no chloroplasts. Which kingdom is it in, and why?
Circle one answer.
- Plants: it grows out of the ground and does not move
- Fungi: hyphae with walls, no chloroplasts, digests food outside its body
- Protoctists: its cells have a nucleus
- Prokaryotes: its threads are too thin to see without a microscope
Nudge (only if you are stuck): It cannot make its own food. How does it feed?
3. identify
Paramecium lives in pond water. It is a single cell about 0.2 mm long, with a nucleus, tiny hairs for swimming, no cell wall and no chloroplasts. It takes in food like an animal. Which kingdom is it in?
Circle one answer.
- Animals, because it swims and takes in food
- Prokaryotes, because it is a single cell
- Protoctists, because it is a single cell with a nucleus and no cell wall
- Fungi, because it has no chloroplasts
Nudge (only if you are stuck): How many cells does an animal have? Does Paramecium have a nucleus?
4. identify
In which kingdoms do the cells have a nucleus? Choose all that apply.
Tick every correct statement.
- Animals
- Plants
- Fungi
- Protoctists
- Prokaryotes
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Only one kingdom has its DNA loose in the cytoplasm.
5. identify
A pond organism is a single cell with a nucleus, a cell wall and chloroplasts. It makes its own food by photosynthesis. Which kingdom is it in?
Circle one answer.
- Plants, because it has a cell wall and chloroplasts
- Protoctists, because it is a single cell with a nucleus and chloroplasts
- Prokaryotes, because it is a single cell
- Fungi, because it has a cell wall
Nudge (only if you are stuck): How many cells does a plant have?
6. identify / state
The bacteria that turn milk into yoghurt are rod-shaped single cells a few micrometres long. (a) Which kingdom are they in? (b) Give two features of their cells that place them there.
(a) Kingdom
(b) Two features
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Where is their DNA?
7. identify
Match each feature to the plant group it belongs to. You can use a group more than once.
Write the number of the matching option.
- Ferns
- Monocotyledons
- Dicotyledons
- Both groups of flowering plants
- Reproduce by spores; no flowers or seeds: ______
- Leaves called fronds: ______
- One cotyledon in each seed: ______
- Long, narrow leaves with parallel veins: ______
- Two cotyledons in each seed: ______
- Broad leaves with a branching network of veins: ______
- Flowers that make seeds: ______
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Ferns have no flowers. Count the cotyledons and look at the veins for the flowering plants.
8. explain
A gardener turns over a fern frond and finds rows of brown spots on the underside. She thinks the fern has a disease. Explain what the spots are and how a fern reproduces.
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Does a fern have flowers or seeds?
9. identify
Which statements about viruses are true? Choose all that apply.
Tick every correct statement.
- A virus is genetic material inside a protein coat
- A virus is a very small kind of bacterium
- A virus is not made of cells
- A virus has a cell wall, cytoplasm and ribosomes
- A virus has a nucleus that holds its genetic material
- A virus is placed in the prokaryote kingdom
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Is a virus made of cells?
10. identify
A class recorded the features of eight organisms. Use the table to count how many of them belong to each kingdom.
| Organism | Cells | Nucleus | Cell wall | Chloroplasts | How it gets its food |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yeast | one cell | yes | yes, not cellulose | no | absorbs dissolved sugar from outside |
| bread mould | branching threads | yes | yes, not cellulose | no | digests the bread outside its body |
| mushroom | branching threads | yes | yes, not cellulose | no | digests dead leaves outside its body |
| Amoeba | one cell | yes | no | no | takes in smaller organisms |
| Chlorella | one cell | yes | yes | yes | photosynthesis |
| oak tree | many cells | yes | yes, cellulose | yes | photosynthesis |
| maize | many cells | yes | yes, cellulose | yes | photosynthesis |
| soil bacterium | one cell | no: a loop of DNA | yes | no | absorbs dissolved food |
Fungi: ______________ unit ________
Protoctists: ______________ unit ________
Plants: ______________ unit ________
Prokaryotes: ______________ unit ________
Nudge (only if you are stuck): For each row, check the nucleus first, then the number of cells, then the wall and the chloroplasts.
11. deduce / explain
Euglena lives in ponds. It is a single cell with a nucleus and no cell wall. In the light it makes food in its chloroplasts; in the dark it can take in food from the water around it. (a) Which kingdom is it in? (b) One pupil says Euglena is a plant because it has chloroplasts; another says it is an animal because it takes in food. Explain why both are wrong.
(a) Kingdom
(b) Why both pupils are wrong
Nudge (only if you are stuck): How many cells do plants and animals have?
12. explain
Tobacco mosaic virus causes yellow patches on tobacco leaves. Each virus particle is a strand of genetic material (RNA) inside a coat of protein, far too small to see with a light microscope. Every organism in the five kingdoms is made of one or more cells. A pupil says: "It has no nucleus, so it must be a prokaryote." (a) Explain why the pupil is wrong. (b) Which kingdom is the virus placed in?
(a) Why the pupil is wrong
(b) Kingdom
Nudge (only if you are stuck): What is a prokaryote made of? Is a virus made of the same?
13. explain / suggest
A slice of bread left in a warm bag for a week grows a blue-green, fuzzy patch. Under the microscope the patch is a mass of branching threads with cross walls, and some threads end in brush-like clusters of tiny spores. A pupil says: "It is green and it makes spores, like a fern, so it is a plant." (a) Which kingdom is the mould in? (b) Give two features that show it is not a plant. (c) Suggest how it gets its food from the bread.
(a) Kingdom
(b) Two features that show it is not a plant
(c) How it gets its food
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Does the mould have chloroplasts? What are the threads called?
14. identify / explain / predict
In a wood in spring, bracken and bluebells grow side by side. Bracken has large fronds divided into many small leaflets, with brown spore cases under them, and no flowers. Bluebells have flowers that make seeds, and long, narrow leaves with parallel veins. A pupil says: "Both are green plants with leaves, so they are in the same plant group." (a) Name the plant group of each. (b) Give the features that decide each one. (c) Predict how many cotyledons a bluebell seed has, and explain your prediction.
(a) Group of each
(b) Deciding features
(c) Cotyledons in a bluebell seed
Nudge (only if you are stuck): Which plant group has no flowers? Which group of flowering plants has parallel veins?