Distillation — final check

1. explain

A dilute salt solution has undergone simple distillation in this model. Describe water and salt in both the receiver and flask. Explain their different destinations.

2. explain

An apparatus diagram connects the lower coolant hose to the receiving beaker. Explain the error. Describe the correct sample and coolant paths.

Error

Correct coolant and sample paths

3. explain

A pupil says B cannot enter vapour until the thermometer reaches pure B's boiling point. Explain why that rule doesn't describe this boiling mixture.

4. explain

Explain why the early A-rich fraction is kept separately. Justify letting the apparatus drain after heat is off and before changing receivers.

Composition reason

Draining reason

5. explain

A mixture contains insoluble grit and two miscible volatile liquids with relatively close boiling points. You want separate enriched liquid fractions. Describe a sequence. Explain where grit goes, why a column helps and why fractions need separate receivers.

Method and property reasons

Substance destinations

6. explain

Two miscible volatile liquids have relatively close pure boiling points at the same pressure. Choose apparatus and explain why it helps. State one limit of a claim that the collected product is pure.